Basic Outline of 21st Century America

The following provides basic information about the 21st century, in particular political and other developments within the United States during that time.

=The 21st Century=

Presidents of the United States
42. 1993-2001: Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas)

43. 2001-2009: George W. Bush (R-Texas)

44. 2009-2017: Barack Obama (D-Illinois)

45. 2017-2025: Donald Trump (R-New York)

46. 2025-2029: Marco Rubio (R-Florida)

47. 2029-2037: Cory Booker (D-New Jersey)

48. 2037-2041: Brian Sandoval (R-Nevada)

49. 2041-2049: Joseph P. Kennedy III (D-Massachusetts)

50. 2049-2052: Brandon Boyle (D-Pennsylvania)

51. 2052-2053: Mark Henson (D-Ohio)

52. 2053-2061: Madelaine McAuliffe (R-Kansas)

53. 2061-2069: W.J. Rutherford (D-Colorado)

54. 2069-2073: Carlotta A. Sanchez (D-New Mexico)

55. 2073-2075: Tommy Franks (R-North Carolina)

56. 2075-2077: Jessica Crittenden (R-Louisiana)

57. 2077-2081: Christopher A. Liu (D-Pennsylvania)

58. 2081-2089: Robert M. Kraft (R-Texas)

59. 2089-2093: Joseph Kaczyniski (D-Georgia)

60. 2093-2094: Leslie A. Stewart (R-Minnesota)

61. 2094-2097: Nicholas W. Cuomo (R-New York)

62. 2097-2105: Robert H. Chancellor (D-Montana)

Presidential Deaths of the 21st Century
40. Ronald Reagan (February 6, 1911-June 5, 2004)

38. Gerald Ford (July 14, 1913-December 26, 2006)

39. Jimmy Carter (October 1, 1924-August 5, 2017)

41. George H.W. Bush (June 12, 1924-September 22, 2019)

45. Donald Trump (June 14, 1946-September 7, 2033)

42. Bill Clinton (August 19, 1946-July 14, 2036)

43. George W. Bush (July 6, 1946-February 22, 2041)

47. Cory Booker (April 27, 1969-November 5, 2045)

44. Barack Obama (August 4, 1961-April 29, 2049)

50. Brandon Boyle (February 6, 1977-February 5, 2052)

48. Brian Sandoval (August 5, 1963-July 22, 2057)

51. Mark Henson (November 27, 1995-April 16, 2061)

47. Marco Rubio (May 28, 1971-January 14, 2065)

49. Joseph P. Kennedy III (October 4, 1980-June 5, 2067)

52. Madelaine McAuliffe (December 5, 1992-January 22, 2073)

54. Carlotta A. Sanchez (January 13, 2013-March 4, 2081)

53. W.J. Rutherford (April 12, 1998-November 25, 2087)

58. Robert M. Kraft (September 2, 2020-July 19, 2093)

60. Leslie A. Stewart (June 9, 2031-April 27, 2094)

55. Tommy Franks (October 2, 2009-April 13, 2095)

59. Joseph Kaczyniski (April 16, 2026-July 14, 2096)

56. Jessica Crittenden (June 28, 2025-August 9, 2098)

Living at the end of the century: Christopher A. Liu (2077-81, b. 2013), Nicholas W. Cuomo (2094-97, b. 2043), Robert H. Chancellor (incumbent, 2097-2105, b. 2048). Liu and Cuomo would die in the first decade of the 22nd century.

Speakers of the House
59. 1999-2007: Dennis Hastert (R-Illinois) (January 2, 1943-July 3, 2029)

60. 2007-2011: Nancy Pelosi (D-California) (March 26, 1940-April 8, 2040)

61. 2011-2015: John Boehner (R-Ohio) (November 17, 1949-July 24, 2035)

62. 2015-2027: Paul Ryan (R-Wisconsin) (January 29, 1970-November 6, 2066)

63. 2027-2031: Steve Scalise (R-Louisiana) (October 6, 1965-April 8, 2057)

64. 2031-2035: Joseph Crowley (D-New York) (March 16, 1962-June 4, 2036)

65. 2035-2039: Seth Moulton (D-Massachusetts) (October 23, 1978-March 1, 2055)

66. 2039-2049: Eric Swalwell (D-California) (November 16, 1980-June 5, 2065)

67. 2049-2057: Elise Stefanik (R-New York) (July 2, 1984-December 7, 2069)

68. 2057-2063: Ty Matthews (R-Iowa) (May 5, 1989-June 2, 2086)

69. 2063-2075: William D. Dixon, Jr. (D-Washington D.C.) (February 11, 1998-June 22, 2087)

70. 2075-2079: Patsy Chuo (D-Hawaii) (March 2, 1999-April 30, 2083)

71. 2079-2087: Carl D. Porter (R-Alabama) (April 7, 2010-January 7, 2094)

72. 2087-2091: Hector Martinez, Jr. (D-Puerto Rico) (October 22, 2025-November 2, 2091)

73. 2091-2094: Stephanie Rowe (R-Colorado) (June 7, 2028-April 8, 2097)

74. 2094-2099: J. William Axelhoff (R-Tennessee) (December 2, 2023-June 7, 2105)

75. 2099-2103: Emma A. Longwell (D-Colorado) (November 19, 2036-April 8, 2106)

Party control of the U.S. House of Representatives varied over the course of the decades. During the first third of the twenty-first century, the Republican Party had the upper hand in the House (as in the Senate). Republicans controlled the House from the time of the "Revolution" of 1994, engineered by Newt Gingrich and his followers, until the midterm elections of 2006. At that time, the Democratic Party gained control of Congress, riding off the unpopularity of then-President George W. Bush, the struggles of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the weakening of the U.S. economy (which lead to the Great Recession of 2007-09). Nancy Pelosi of California was elected the first female Speaker of the House in January 2007. Democrats controlled the House from 2007-2011, into the first two years of Barack Obama's presidency. However, the passage of Obamacare, the struggling economic recovery, and the rise of the Tea Party led to them losing the chamber in 2010, in what was a historic year for Republicans. The Republican Party then controlled the House for the next twenty years (2011-2031). Democratic efforts in 2016, 2020, 2022, and 2024 to regain the chamber failed; in January 2023, midway through Donald Trump's second term, Republicans held 268 seats in the House. John Boehner of Ohio, who had been Minority Leader since 2007, was Speaker from 2011-15; he resigned in October of that year, leading to the accession of Paul D. Ryan to the Speakership. Ryan served as Speaker for twelve years, presiding over the passage, through Congress, of the Trump tax cuts and deregulation of 2017-19, the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 2020, and the Private Health Accounts Act of 2022. He clashed with Trump, however, over his policies towards Russia, his tariff policies, and his policies concerning social programs. In 2026, when Ryan stepped down from the Speakership, Republicans suffered a series of losses to Democrats in the House, as part of the backlash against Marco Rubio (due to the eco-terrorism movement, the Zimbabwe Crisis, and the rise of the New Jihad organization in Yemen and Oman).

Ryan was succeeded as Speaker by Steve Scalise of Louisiana, who served until January 2031. In 2028, Rubio lost reelection to Senator Cory Booker of New Jersey, the first incumbent to lose reelection since George H.W. Bush in 1992. Republicans lost the Senate, but held onto to a very narrow majority in the House. But finally, in the November 2030 midterm elections, under the leadership of Minority Leader Joseph A. Crowley of New York and his senior whip, Congressman Tim Ryan of Ohio (who had challenged Pelosi for the Speakership, unsuccessfully, in 2016 and 2018), the Democrats regained control of the House, capturing 226 seats. They took advantage of Cory Booker's relative popularity, stemming from the successful resolution of the Zimbabwe Crisis, the decline of the eco-terrorism movement, and the ever-trending upwards recovery of the American economy. Booker won reelection in a landslide in 2032, and Democrats expanded their majorities to a commanding 257 seats. For nineteen years, the Democrats held control of the U.S. House (2031-49), lasting even through Brian Sandoval's one term (2037-41), though Sandoval's narrow victory in the election of 2036 did reduce the Democratic advantage there. The Democratic majority ranged from a high of 273 seats in January 2033, soon after Booker was sworn in to a second term, to a low of 220 seats in January 2047, following the midterms of 2046, when Republicans had capitalized on anti-Kennedy backlash due to the South American Drug Wars and the rise to power of the Left Front-Marxist Coalition in India. Crowley served as Speaker until his retirement in January 2035. He was succeeded by Congressman Seth Moulton of Massachusetts, who had become Assistant Whip for the Democratic Caucus in 2029, and Chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee in 2033. Moulton served as Speaker until health complications forced him to leave the House in January 2039. Eric Swalwell of California, once a protegee of Nancy Pelosi's, succeeded him as Speaker, holding the position for ten years.

The extremely contentious election of 2048 saw progressive Senator Brandon Boyle of Pennsylvania defeat his Republican opponent, Governor Charles A. Whitworth of Texas, in the closest election since that of 2000; Boyle won 271-267 in the Electoral College, his victory secured by narrow triumphs in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Florida. But in that same election, Republicans, under the leadership of Minority Leader Elise Stefanik of New York, who had served in that position since 2041, and herself a protegee of Paul Ryan's, took control of the House by a narrow margin. The midterms of 2050 saw Republicans expand upon this. Republicans controlled the House for the next ten years. In 2052, Madelaine McAuliffe defeated President Mark Henson (who had acceded to the Presidency upon Boyle's sudden death), and brought new Republican members into Congress. Republicans did lose some seats in the midterms of 2054, but McAuliffe, benefiting from the process of democratization in China (which she encouraged), foreign policy successes in Cuba, South America, and South Sudan, and American success at new exploration efforts on the Moon and in the Marsian Asteroid Belt, won reelection in 2056, reversing these losses (in January 2057, Republicans held 237 seats in the chamber). In 2057-58, however, the intensified conflict in Congo-Kinshasa, the outbreak of the Aral Sea War among the ex-Soviet republics of Central Asia, and the onset of the most serious economic recession since Obama's Presidency led to a severe decline in McAuliffe's favorability ratings. Republicans lost control of the House that year, and came close to losing the Senate. Democratic Minority Whip Ty Matthews of Iowa succeeded Stefanik as Speaker, becoming the first openly homosexual individual to serve in the position; Democrats obtained a 246-seat majority.

Two years later, Senator W.J. Rutherford of Colorado beat McAuliffe's Vice President, Kathleen Hughes, in a landslide; Republicans lost the Senate at that time. The midterm elections of 2062,, Rutherford's landslide reelection in 2064 (the greatest victory for either party in the twenty-first century), and the midterm elections of 2066, saw Democrats climb to a 294-141 majority in the House. In January 2063, Matthews retired, and was succeeded as Speaker by William J. Dixon, Jr. of Washington D.C., the first African-American Speaker of the House in American history. Dixon served as Speaker for twelve years, until January 2075. His speakership was historic, seeing the enactment of new civil rights, environmental, energy, health-care, welfare-reform, and economic regulation legislation, as well as the vigorous expansion of NASA and a significant reduction in the federal debt (which reached its lowest levels of the century). Balanced budgets were passed from 2063-68, the first time since 2020-21 that this was achieved. Dixon worked closely with President Rutherford, and then, from 2069-70, with Rutherford's successor, former Vice-President Carlotta A. Sanchez. In 2071 and 2072, however, the collapse of the "bullish" stock market, economic troubles in Russia and China, the outbreak of renewed conflict in Palestine, and the contentions over genetic engineering lead to a collapse in Sanchez's ratings. In November 2072, she lost by a significant margin to Tommy Franks, but Democrats managed to retain control of the House (by a razor-thin margin of six seats), thanks to Dixon's alliances with the Independent Caucus and the Free-Labor Party, which held a number of seats in the Midwest and West. Franks, however, failed to reverse the economic situation, and was soon encompassed by the "Designer-gate" Scandal of 2074-75. Democrats made substantial gains in the House in the midterms of November 2074, bringing their majority back up to 245 seats. In January 2075, Dixon retired from the House, after 42 years, and was succeeded as Speaker by his long-time subordinate, Majority Leader Patsy Chuo of Hawaii, who became the first Asian-American Speaker.

In May of that year, Franks was impeached, being replaced by Vice-President Jessica Crittenden. Crittenden lost by a landslide to Christopher Liu in November 2076; Democrats picked up more seats. In 2077-78, however, Liu was destroyed by the triple cortet of the Discovery One exploration disaster; the rise of the New Purity Movement; and the continuing "stagflation" afflicting the American economy. In 2078, after twenty years, Democrats suffered severe losses in Congress; Chuo herself was defeated for reelection, and Republicans regained control of both chambers. Minority Whip Carl D. Porter of Alabama was elected Speaker; he assumed office in January 2079, and held the position for eight years. In November 2080, Liu was defeated in a landslide by former Secretary of State Robert M. Kraft of Texas; Republicans made further gains. In 2084, Kraft won reelection in a landslide. In 2086, however, the Equatorial-Canada Affair, corruption charges against many of Kraft's cabinet members, and the collapse of the U.S. mediation of the Pakistan-Iran hostage crisis led Democrats to retake the House; Hector Martinez, Jr. of Puerto Rico became the first Hispanic Speaker of the House. In 2088, Joseph Kaczyniski, the Governor of Georgia and one-time FBI Director under President Liu, was elected, by a comfortable margin, over Derek Harris, CEO of Bain Capital. Kaczyniski, however, was then felled by the San Francisco Earthquake, the outbreak, in November 2089, of full-scale war in the Middle East, and the collapse of the Indian Left Front in 2090, which plunged that country into civil war. An economic recession, which began in July 2090, further weakened his position, and anti-genetic sentiment flared up in full force, complicated by terrorist attacks throughout many of the Southern states.

In November, Democrats lost the House again, with Republicans picking up sixty-five seats; Stephanie A. Rowe of Colorado became Speaker. In November 2092, Kaczyniski was defeated for reelection by Senate Majority Leader Leslie A. Stewart of Minnesota; Republicans held 276 seats in the House in January 2093. Speaker Rowe, however, became implicated in an ethics scandal, and in July 2094, was forced to resign. She was succeeded by J. William Axelhoff, Chair of the House Oversight Committee, from Tennnesee. Two months earlier, President Stewart had died, the second president of the century to die in office (following Brandon Boyle); Vice-President Nicholas W. Cuomo had become President. Republicans held control of the House in the 2094 midterm elections, for the economy had begun to recover, the Equatorial-Canada Affair was fully resolved, and the Coalition War was negotiated to an end. In 2096, Cuomo declined to run for his own term; Democrat Robert H. Chancellor of Montana won in an extremely close election that year. He proved adept at compromise and political deal-making, navigating passage of new military reform legislation through Congress. This, and his role in the reorganization of the United Nations, as well as the stabilization of Somalia, Saudi Arabia, and Russia, gave Democrats control of the House and Senate back in 2098. Emma A. Longwell of Colorado, formerly Speaker of the Colorado State House, became Speaker of the federal House. In 2100, President Chancellor would be reelected in a landslide.

Elections of the Century
The 21st century passed through two different phrases, in regards to the competitiveness of elections. During the first (2000-2028), elections were marked by the division between "blue" states, "red" states, and "swing" states. Swing states were pivotal to the outcome of the election, and relatively few states changed partisan allegiance from election to election, as compared to much of the twentieth century. The elections of 2000, 2004, 2016, 2024, and 2028 were all very close; those of 2008 and 2020 were substantial victories for one party or the other, and that of 2012 was a modest victory (for Barack Obama and the Democrats). Republicans were the more geographically widespread of the two parties, and won the majority of the nation's counties in each of these elections. At the close of the first quarter of the century, Republicans held the advantage in most of the nation's rural counties and exurbs, predominantly white, working, or middle class ones; Democrats dominated the wealthier suburbs, coastal regions, metropolitan areas, and rural counties with a high Hispanic or African-American population. The election of 2028 saw the beginnings of a shift; as Democrats had been working to restore themselves on the state and local level following the decimations of 2010, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020, so they now worked to do so on a national level. In 2032, Cory Booker was able to win back many of the nation's rural and outer suburban counties, and became the first candidate since George H.W. Bush to win with more then 400 electoral votes. The second phase (2032-2056), saw Republicans still winning the majority of counties in most elections (2040 and 2044 being the exceptions), but Democrats fully restored themselves to parity with their rivals. This period saw a mix of close (i.e., 2036, 2048, 2056) and landslide (i.e. 2040, 2044, 2052) elections.

The third phase (2060-2084), saw both parties obtain stellar electoral success. It was under W.J. Rutherford that Democrats completely restored their equilibrium with the Republican Party; Rutherford won the majority of counties in both 2060 and 2064, and both of these victories were landslide elections. That of 2064 was the greatest victory for either candidate in the 21st century, the first time since 1984 that a candidate won more then 500 electoral votes, and the first time ever that the Democrats won a 49-state landslide. In 2068, Carlotta A. Sanchez won comfortably (1988 levels) to succeed Rutherford; in 2072, she went down to a landslide defeat before Tommy Franks. Then in 2076, following Frank's impeachment, his Vice-President Jessica Crittenden was routed by Christopher A. Liu. In 2080, Liu himself went down in a humiliating defeat before Robert M. Kraft; four years later, Kraft won reelection in a landslide, in the second-largest victory of the century. But this ended the third phase. The fourth and final phase (2084-2100), saw the modest victory of Joseph Kaczyniski (2088), his contentious loss to Leslie A. Stewart (2092), and the close election of Robert H. Chancellor (2096). The century, however, closed out with Chancellor's landslide in 2100.

Election Year Maps Below (depicts states won, electoral votes are assumed to change throughout the century):


 * 1) 2004-http://electoralmap.net/PastElections/past_elections.php?year=2004 (Bush vs. Kerry)
 * 2) 2008-http://electoralmap.net/PastElections/past_elections.php?year=2008 (Obama vs. McCain)
 * 3) 2012-http://electoralmap.net/PastElections/past_elections.php?year=2012 (Obama vs. Romney)
 * 4) 2016-http://electoralmap.net/2016/results.php (Trump vs. Clinton)
 * 5) 2020-http://ElectoralMap.net/2016/myPrediction.php?d=qorwqnownnxnqwnxn (Trump vs. Brown)
 * 6) 2024-http://ElectoralMap.net/2016/myPrediction.php?d=qo0wqnrxnn0wrwn0q (Rubio vs. Cuomo)
 * 7) 2028-http://ElectoralMap.net/2016/myPrediction.php?d=qx00qnrxnr0xrzq0q (Booker vs. Rubio)
 * 8) 2032-http://ElectoralMap.net/2016/myPrediction.php?d=qx00qn00rr0xrzz0n (Booker vs. Cruz)